https://picture-physics.com/index daily 1.0 2021-01-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1620410328553-WEOACP4Z831HWKS7T0NF/Sam_Banner_6_1500x600.jpg Picture Physics Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1521653273206-HEUMVMUPD5YKQM94HBAH/Bike_0168_1500x1000.jpg Picture Physics Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1522863814850-2BNVKG1EA7UYJA2PSEPA/Smokestack_0257_1500.JPG Picture Physics Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1513028443711-M4GHX5Q7VZND1IXXF5VC/Train_1764_1500x1500.jpg Picture Physics Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1511360666364-Q4TIZHG5GUDTUV4KIU8F/Levi_0196_1500x1500.jpg Picture Physics Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1511360662674-XK7J4C3Z1GM46CXVJOI0/KidsRunning_0266_1500x1500.jpg Picture Physics Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1521654390804-QBTQOYLC0JODJAETWVS9/Tomas_Pulling_0738_1500x1500_v3.jpg Picture Physics Home - 1. Definitions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1521654464307-5SQAV6HVH97WIMTS1UON/Wagon_37-43_1500x1500.jpg Picture Physics Home - 2. Newton's Laws https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1521654542001-S4R6L8B8FSMZMGKICM3O/Slide_0880_1500x1500.jpg Picture Physics Home - 3. Gravity https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1521654583519-18K4172PU8M5TVVE0TE6/Shoes_0275_1500x1500.jpg Picture Physics Home - 4. More Forces https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1521654728556-ECPO4L7DNDLN3DI53GBL/Momentum_500-501_1500x1500.jpg Picture Physics Home - 5. Momentum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1521654792604-VFAUTCLH5PTRG4PSWEH6/Nora_0870_1500x1500.jpg Picture Physics Home - 6. Review https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1603312420771-DA5JGLPBKFT2PFSSVBR1/Swing_Silas_0207_1500x1000.jpg Picture Physics Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1603394762348-5B39FXJC03T2G5PLGC8Z/HoseMedium_897_1500x1500.jpg Picture Physics Home - 1. Energy and Work https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1603312067932-O5506DKR3T20OZPS2IKV/Springs_Let-Go_788-792_1500x1500.jpg Picture Physics Home - 2. Springs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1603312115647-RDVQFIH5R9RH5P0OQIL2/Basics_LargeWeightStiffSpring_1500x1500.jpg Picture Physics Home - 3. Oscillator Basics https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1603312155628-Z5P89GLRMUXQ9TMX0FSC/Swings_Deli_Swing024_1500x1500.jpg Picture Physics Home - 4. Swings https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1603312191939-BMOOAAZWYFHJ1XHUDVQR/Other_Pogo_305_1500x1500.jpg Picture Physics Home - 5. Other Oscillators https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1603312232903-SXOXPLDBVFY51GMQ9JFM/Review_Skateboard_628-630_1500x1500.jpg Picture Physics Home - 6. Review https://picture-physics.com/blog daily 0.75 2016-09-15 https://picture-physics.com/index-rally daily 0.75 2026-03-20 https://picture-physics.com/new-cover-page daily 0.75 2017-11-14 https://picture-physics.com/latest-posts daily 0.75 2017-10-26 https://picture-physics.com/moving/newtons-laws daily 0.75 2021-01-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1509561472892-OG8YHAEUK70QAD3NF78N/HockeyShot_1-0378_1500.jpg Newton's laws After a player hits a puck, it travels at almost constant velocity. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1509551439168-6KHIQZBWL87N6ANEHJWB/HockeyShot_2-0384_1500.jpg Newton's laws The puck's velocity changes after another player hits it (applies a force to it). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1511215780154-N4Y9ZJGTF20HMIHC2FLJ/Croquet_cropped_0449_1300x1500_adj.jpg Newton's laws The red croquet ball is sitting still on the grass. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1511215816042-RQNZX7HGJIVOAFNNYHDG/Croquet_cropped_0450_1300x1500_adj.jpg Newton's laws The red croquet ball is now moving because a force was applied to it. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1511795816086-BJMO5K5NP8TQHYKSQM1W/Hitting_Ball_0840_1500_v2.jpg Newton's laws A large force applied by the bat to the ball causes a large acceleration. As a result, the ball moves fast when it leaves the bat. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1511795842798-C0QWGAKO9PQKN8FXKD9Z/Bunting_0558_1500_v2.jpg Newton's laws A small force applied by the bat to the same ball causes a small acceleration. As a result, the ball moves more slowly when it leaves the bat than when a large force is applied. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1511192754917-D62COQRBKO48YZC7UOMR/PullingOneArrow_2205_1500.jpg Newton's laws A stretched bow exerts a force to return itself to its unstretched state. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1511216702104-ADLTCC6T50NFQ4RJJS9P/OneArrow_2209_distance_1500.jpg Newton's laws When you release the arrow, the bow applies a force to it, causing it to accelerate. Note how far the arrow travels during a single time interval. That's an indication of the velocity of the arrow after it leaves contact with the bow. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1511193360892-BR313TI1JSM40OK8ZFBD/HoldingTwoArrows_2246_1500.jpg Newton's laws Two arrows taped together have twice the mass as one. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1511216743195-H2Y0GMKJ9LX85ATEWEME/TwoArrows_2228_distance.jpg Newton's laws When the bow applies the same force to two arrows together, the acceleration is half that of a single arrow, so the release velocity of the two arrows is half as much as that of one arrow. Compare the distance between the arrows in the same time interval when one arrow and two arrows are shot. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1511193567291-6HTNK0PF9U6U59Z84KY8/Bungee%2BYardstick_1500.jpg Newton's laws https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1516640716759-WUMO1B024ZX5S6BLU3SP/Marley_Nora_0640_1500.jpg Newton's laws https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1511193706918-4W1YAMQRD5WRNT4UUOBQ/J_Bungee%2BYardstick_0651_1500.jpg Newton's laws A stretched bungee cord exerts a force to return itself to its unstretched length. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1511193782119-JIVN5CGCCQ0M9Q9W9XP1/Wagon_37_1500.jpg Newton's laws The stretched bungee applies a force to the wagon. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1511798192326-V1KA2N0IJTFDLIWXES1T/Wagon_37-43_1500_v2.jpg Newton's laws The force exerted by the stretched bungee causes the wagon to accelerate. Notice that the wagon moves farther each time interval than it did the previous time interval. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1511799704526-VAPBUGFK1XZMGIAK8ZOV/Dick_0502_1000x1500_v2.jpg Newton's laws When you apply a force to a wall, the wall will apply the same force on you. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1511194131865-VITNE1I71P5XVBOQT39Z/Dick_503-5-7_1000x1500.jpg Newton's laws Once you let go of the wall, you will have a new velocity as a result of the wall pushing on you. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1511892659394-PG134LNBIHS6ZUULTUXM/Bingley_0335-0337_1500_v2.jpg Newton's laws The dog pushes on the dock and the dock pushes back on the dog, allowing him to leap into the water. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1511892732789-R49MRF2ID9LA0I3UYDCP/Jon%2BLevi_2495_v2.jpg Newton's laws When a dog's paws exert a force on you, you respond and exert an equal and opposite force on the paws. https://picture-physics.com/categories daily 0.75 2017-10-30 https://picture-physics.com/moving/definitions daily 0.75 2021-01-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1509650820048-QDQ10K9ACMYGF2WQY17O/Saab_0526_white-arrow.jpg Basic Physics Definitions This car has a velocity of 30 miles/hour north. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1522340388112-5UMX9QM8LLTTT8WEVXAA/Sara%2BTillie_0033_reversed_1500.jpg Basic Physics Definitions This dog, walking her owner, has a velocity of 3 miles/hour south. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1511214385206-YVU6KS0X4TMLWAJ71ARU/Police_1454_Lines_Bubbles_1500.jpg Basic Physics Definitions There's a difference between velocity and speed. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1509653382057-F9CKCP6POCME5E0EWFMN/J_Scooter_58-71_white-arrows.jpg Basic Physics Definitions The scooter travels at constant velocity since it covers the same distance in the same direction each second. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1509653726569-UXEHJEWUW3QVSQKEG7RS/J_Scooter_58_1500.jpg Basic Physics Definitions We can use one vector to show velocity. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1511793991701-FEXTVVE4J4OOV0ENC0LU/RedTruck_473-477_White-Arrows_1500_v2.jpg Basic Physics Definitions This truck is accelerating because it covers more distance each second than it did the previous second. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1510694441797-UPF4CKBFVNSBGCWPMSQ8/RedTruck_473_only_v2_1500.jpg Basic Physics Definitions You can show acceleration using a vector with the letter "a" alongside it. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1522346989647-85REZTHMA0KCN1TGFGKA/Bike_Braking_0363_1500_v2.jpg Basic Physics Definitions There's a negative acceleration when you are stopping on your bike. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1516638643754-JWE14FXS4EKLSR8848BY/Record_2677_1500.jpg Basic Physics Definitions The button travels at constant speed but its direction is changing, so it is accelerating. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1511191402505-9X73NCAHFM0JN20MYCAX/Benson_Pulling_0597_1500.jpg Basic Physics Definitions Pulling is a force. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1511191466453-9X5UYKL5XIIN951OA324/Saab_Pushing_0723_1500.jpg Basic Physics Definitions Pushing is a force. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1511191637049-ND4Q2L1FUPPK2OAUSKZW/Scale_0614_1500.jpg Basic Physics Definitions One way to measure mass is with a balance scale. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1522349122248-TS8MNHI3H8JWBJN2RW6F/CoM_2287_1500x1500_v2.jpg Basic Physics Definitions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1522349151910-RLILGUPYB2X2JT2QT6HV/CoM_2295_1500x1500_v2.jpg Basic Physics Definitions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1522349224139-KC92BB2AIQHGP5E4X554/CoM_2313_1500x1500_v2.jpg Basic Physics Definitions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1522349258676-P0C45BLVKY88TOBPOZ0C/CoM_2315_1500x1500_v2.jpg Basic Physics Definitions https://picture-physics.com/about daily 0.75 2018-03-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1512072692778-049ONXQLBPPY23UWDTNM/Slide_0880_1500x1500.jpg About https://picture-physics.com/contact-demo daily 0.75 2016-09-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57d6c55a2994cab476e9fb40/1475017995437-A539M5VGHHLRDWJ4A03U/image-asset.jpeg Contact - demo https://picture-physics.com/about-demo daily 0.75 2016-09-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57d6c55a2994cab476e9fb40/1475017788985-BTANWDSXRJ1CAQ81BQXW/image-asset.jpeg About - demo https://picture-physics.com/moving/gravity daily 0.75 2021-01-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1513005147519-PDHT86QGCP0GBT0FRT4I/Bo_Lifting_0504_1500.jpg Gravity Weight is a force. The letter "W" is often used for this special kind of force. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1513005221197-51N6TILKNFFH6IELCPRX/Sledding_0574_1500.jpg Gravity Gravitational acceleration makes you go faster and faster as you go downhill - sometimes too fast! https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1513005269876-NBA39T3617D53YIZW7TK/Slide_0879-0881_1500.jpg Gravity Gravitational acceleration makes you go faster as you go down a slide. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1513005352240-1XW1K7HB7YQGTSNXNV8Q/Jumper_0251-0254_1500.jpg Gravity Gravitational acceleration makes you go faster - and therefore farther - each time interval. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1513632363998-W1MNYFEGN8MZQUADIVMO/Ball_0501-0505_1500x1500.jpg Gravity https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1513632385000-EP6QTXW3ZFTFRBQQL0B8/Bingley_0410_1500x1500.jpg Gravity https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1513632398858-V0E4FRUOLTNF8SZ83F2B/Jumper_0071_1500x1500.jpg Gravity https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1513702745093-0CJ8KAMN6DQN6HZ8HM7Z/Ball_2555-2558_1500.jpg Gravity When you throw a ball up over your head, it slows down and eventually stops, just for a moment. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1513703383533-4Y28LZYVBE5CG47BBK7F/Ball_2558-2563_1500.jpg Gravity When the ball drops, it goes faster each time interval than it did during the previous interval. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1513783214398-TCKMRS2PBCO4HN3UHLXX/MedBall_Launch_Forces_1500x2000.jpg Gravity https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1513783214400-96PC0Q6HKXFFS9IE6AP9/MedBall_Launch_Velocities_1500x2000.jpg Gravity https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1513783683393-M1RAA62YJIXG0NJJR91D/MedBallParabola_2582-2590_1500.jpg Gravity The path of a ball after it is thrown at an angle toward the ceiling is part up and down (vertical) and part across (horizontal). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1516644809852-O5ECLR0HTK8SCROJT22E/ThrowingSoftball_0599-0609_1500.jpg Gravity When you throw a softball, its horizontal velocity is constant. The ball travels the same horizontal distance each time interval because there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction. https://picture-physics.com/moving/more-forces daily 0.75 2021-01-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1513892807791-PBM307F1ABS8LA4P4BNI/Fleur_0101_1500x1500.jpg More Forces https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1514423453773-WZY8DVDETV5UEKIH1RXO/Shoes_0275_1500x1500.jpg More Forces https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1514423451677-0SPO4PIYMM9WE9O6P164/SamSkiing_0236_1500x1500.jpg More Forces https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1514423866601-F7UZMU6KKJCCZU3UTAVJ/BlueCar_0508_1500.jpg More Forces The tire on the front wheel doesn't have enough mu. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1515519066768-7TXUCUAFIV5Z9VYLDZLM/Dick_0502_N_1500x1500.jpg More Forces If you push on a wall with a force F1, it will push back on you with a normal force, N, that is perpendicular to the wall. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1515163916753-WQCBXB3DG6O70C9EEX91/Lamp_2614_1500x2000.jpg More Forces For a lamp on a table, the normal force is equal and opposite to the weight of the lamp. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1516043481921-ETJ552C9X2G6TUXH6D2G/Pushing_1_83-86_1500x800_v2.jpg More Forces Pushing on a book accelerates it to a velocity, v1, after which it slows down and stops. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1523282722935-NR19BFPURG6KVY591HZR/Sliding_1_86-91_1500x800_v3.jpg More Forces Starting at time t1 with velocity v1, the book slides to a stop by time t7 because of friction. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1523278792591-0NDGR4TPWYUP0DBNQUDY/Sliding_2_102-108_1500x800_v3.jpg More Forces If they start with about the same initial velocity, two books sliding across the table stop sooner than a single book. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1515593450771-P508VFL0ULPANV1ABEVH/Sammy_0134_1500.jpg More Forces You can feel air resistance on your face when you ride your bike. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1515616993840-NI4UU9EMDJKNX2I2M2X2/BlackTruck_0499_1500.jpg More Forces The truck has more area facing forward than the car so its air resistance, R2, is larger than the car's air resistance, R1. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1515617477580-NHGU1EGGPH39WXDQQ8RK/RedTruck_473-477_AirResistance_1500.jpg More Forces There is less air resistance on the truck moving slower, R1, than on the same truck moving faster, R2. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1522355659326-ECWCTJYJ6UVOC97TMSUP/Cars_0513_1500_v2.jpg More Forces Boxy-shaped cars, like the one on the left, usually experience more air resistance than smoothly shaped cars, like the one on the right. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1515619263678-4OAUVAEJ27D66976VEKK/WhiteTruck_0522_1500.jpg More Forces The cap on top of this truck changes the shape and cuts down on air resistance. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1516046056034-3TMK18QFT0SHZ0W642WP/Sliding_4_163-166_1500_v2.jpg More Forces When you push books across a flat table, the net force, F-NET, is the applied force, F, minus the frictional force, f. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1516112593348-NQI9AKEXQGIGM296ZTR6/Sliding_4_163-166_head-to-tail_1500.jpg More Forces Vectors can be added by placing them head to tail. The sum goes from the tail of the first to the head of the last. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1516122970495-0O0FRPSQYZ7O7XLAH74O/Shoes_0275_Forces_1500_v2.jpg More Forces The frictional force, f, balances the downhill part of your weight, W1, when you are not moving. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1516129661854-YHMPL6YRDSURERBNTG1E/Sledding_0592_Forces_1500.jpg More Forces Lots of forces contribute to your motion when you are sliding down a hill. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1516390927171-PPI8J0MTUVPWZJUM1DYY/David_0154_1500.jpg More Forces The net force - here with minimal air resistance and friction - determines your motion. https://picture-physics.com/moving/momentum daily 0.75 2021-01-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1522415496713-Q06G7DVBLWFK1XWXN598/Snowy_Truck_2645_1500_v2.jpg Momentum A truck has more momentum than a car when they travel at the same speed because the truck has more mass. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1516906727156-2YJGQFZZ0AL7VU8E40UH/Saab_Fast_0235_1500x1000.jpg Momentum If there is no traffic and the roads are clear, a car can travel at the speed limit. Its momentum, which is called p1, points in the same direction as its velocity. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1516907257146-VZR9POPL7LTNP3PS9MJD/Saab_Slow_0251_1500x1000.jpg Momentum When a car moves slowly, its momentum is less than when it moves quickly. The momentum always points in the direction of the velocity. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1516977435180-W7KSKXI06PYP27Z67JQ7/Skier_0086_1500x1500_v3.jpg Momentum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1521640486982-KEEJXNUX2U9LJZJJ087S/Skier_0095_1500x1500_v5.jpg Momentum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1518125486179-OMLYC4MDIJC4U4PPICI6/Balls_828-835_original_1500.jpg Momentum When one rolling ball strikes another, their combined momentum afterward is the same as it was before. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1517431630522-9B62EF4LRWNFBYHP8M4K/Cars-2791_1500.jpg Momentum Two cars of equal mass can be used to demonstrate conservation of momentum. A track or a slender piece of wood between the wheels helps keep the cars going straight. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1518643419735-ZT1EOI96AJ3Q1K3ZMQ97/Cars_776_t1_1500_v2.jpg Momentum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1518643419733-8IGHQRXDDI4KKW7BUQRD/Cars_777_t2_1500_v2.jpg Momentum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1518643420800-1U0N80VNODBIN20G0UBL/Cars_778_t3_1500_v2.jpg Momentum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1518643420871-VC9T393M6MG4JJW62M8D/Cars_780_t4_1500_v2.jpg Momentum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1518643421842-33BIVIGWJUV8A7A09QNT/Cars_782_t5_1500_v2.jpg Momentum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1518643421915-H0EVMC3LH1Z6XRU2MI0O/Cars_784_t6_1500_v2.jpg Momentum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1516991917544-THH9KZTDAHJLCSWSIP09/Momentum_500-501_1500x1500.jpg Momentum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1516991918044-RSYQUE6W99JU4XMQB54L/Momentum_502_1500x1500.jpg Momentum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1518033526132-7IWSLOGY8TAA704ZW3KE/Marbles_853-857_1500.jpg Momentum The green marble rolls into the black one. After hitting the black one, both marbles move off in different directions. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1518034472515-E4DVCEQF7PH4NLGQXBRF/MarblesLines_853-857_1500.jpg Momentum Three lines are used to mark the movement of one marble before the collision (Line 0) and both marbles after the collision (Line 1 and Line 2). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1518043120575-VLU84JC6G1HFN2P32RMF/MarblesMomentumOnly_853-857_1500.jpg Momentum Vectors show the momentum before (p0) and after (p1 and p2) the collision. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1518038209024-T4G6B90VONRZ6P4CK0V1/MarblesAddedVectors_853-857_1500.jpg Momentum Vector addition is used to show that the total momentum after the collision is the same as the total momentum before the collision. https://picture-physics.com/moving/review daily 0.75 2021-01-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1519393666581-MG7GJDJ6OW8HJ15O1NBS/OldCars_0331_1500.jpg Review https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1519247034711-YQY5AQFCPPAHSGUBAKJW/Tomas_Pulling_0738_bubbles_1500.jpg Review https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1519247619117-SUWHV4Y7AW6T9I0QQNYL/SilasWalking_232-238_bubbles_1500.jpg Review https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1518725721604-A3VB1KFDD3MRCC3KN41W/AntOnPeony_0906_1500.jpg Review https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1519247507845-JENL7A050SI3UWHQBJ7H/Rideau_Skaters_1743_1500.jpg Review https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1519665044800-6OHPFIP9YT0OC7TAYLWA/Nora_0870_1500.jpg Review https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1518725698457-W2KM6LNLR44JAI3KEU5I/Bingley_0410_bubble_1500.jpg Review https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1519248296409-P2QAEPJENL5YQI1220SP/LittleJumper_1500.jpg Review https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1519669751137-H36V3O2705FEPXL1KP34/MattCroquet_414-418_1500.jpg Review https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1519308206407-8Q4O9K1Q7IS9T7QPB7RH/Hockey_0028_1500.jpg Review https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1519664128414-A9XGLUX38CT3LF5R7RNK/OneArrow_2209_1500x800.jpg Review https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1519664181057-ZFNJWTO2XB5GLEPOVWD3/TwoArrows_2228_1500x800.jpg Review https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1519664080941-4WAMWH50H4NFCLG81MPO/SamHammock_0518_1500.jpg Review https://picture-physics.com/moving/introduction daily 0.75 2018-04-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1513028443711-M4GHX5Q7VZND1IXXF5VC/Train_1764_1500x1500.jpg Introduction https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1511360666364-Q4TIZHG5GUDTUV4KIU8F/Levi_0196_1500x1500.jpg Introduction https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1511360662674-XK7J4C3Z1GM46CXVJOI0/KidsRunning_0266_1500x1500.jpg Introduction https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1521654390804-QBTQOYLC0JODJAETWVS9/Tomas_Pulling_0738_1500x1500_v3.jpg Introduction - 1. Definitions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1521654464307-5SQAV6HVH97WIMTS1UON/Wagon_37-43_1500x1500.jpg Introduction - 2. Newton's Laws https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1521654542001-S4R6L8B8FSMZMGKICM3O/Slide_0880_1500x1500.jpg Introduction - 3. Gravity https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1521654583519-18K4172PU8M5TVVE0TE6/Shoes_0275_1500x1500.jpg Introduction - 4. More Forces https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1521654728556-ECPO4L7DNDLN3DI53GBL/Momentum_500-501_1500x1500.jpg Introduction - 5. Momentum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1521654792604-VFAUTCLH5PTRG4PSWEH6/Nora_0870_1500x1500.jpg Introduction - 6. Review https://picture-physics.com/flowing-2 daily 0.75 2018-03-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1521664134950-B791KKRF4FRWOLQRH30W/LobsterBoat_0152_1500x1000.jpg Introduction https://picture-physics.com/spinning-2 daily 0.75 2018-03-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1521653273206-HEUMVMUPD5YKQM94HBAH/Bike_0168_1500x1000.jpg Introduction https://picture-physics.com/contact daily 0.75 2018-04-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1522354107785-OGZZGCZEE1G1FOBR3D1E/Levi_0196_1500x1500.jpg Contact https://picture-physics.com/swinging/energy daily 0.75 2020-11-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1549653533126-L2NZPYB6JZOSI2EGGCX1/RedBall_1388_1500x1500.jpg Basic Energy and Work Definitions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1549653531943-L5EP791JLJZZAEWGGNAF/CoveredBridges_3306_1500x1500.jpg Basic Energy and Work Definitions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1549653535870-FH7K6V5VQQBUH555Y7BB/Turtle_2400_1500x1500.jpg Basic Energy and Work Definitions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1549654322830-J9JQ2QCLV30UEPN0ZYW8/Stones_2305_1500x1500.jpg Basic Energy and Work Definitions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1555093464923-U4DDFOV417QZUC2OTIPQ/Truck%2BCar_0519_1500.jpg Basic Energy and Work Definitions A truck with 10 times the mass of a car has 10 times as much kinetic energy if they are traveling at the same speed. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1555093499772-3GSBMK6RU0E982WEFG2M/Slow%2BFast_452-475_1500x700.jpg Basic Energy and Work Definitions A marble rolling with twice the velocity of another marble with the same mass has 4 times the kinetic energy. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1555091773759-ICAOKAV7BBCQDL8U9DQH/Saab_Fast_0235_1500x800.jpg Basic Energy and Work Definitions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1555091773828-AJU3BHJTZ2RNZVJCGOHQ/Saab_Slow_0251_1500x800.jpg Basic Energy and Work Definitions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1580325452894-XD856LHOWNB4F6EA5UXD/Angie-3402_1500x1500_v3.jpg Basic Energy and Work Definitions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1579813711859-KF79LUK89QC8D98G84ZV/Angie-3404_1500x1500.jpg Basic Energy and Work Definitions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1580329628478-210JZZ2XJ81LU1UYKR8Z/Weights_180_1500x1500_v2.jpg Basic Energy and Work Definitions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1580329628649-N1BMG7NPPILQFBO4FPMY/Weights_181_1500x1500_v2.jpg Basic Energy and Work Definitions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1580329777679-QYKBUFXR773U1AXY8FAV/Weights_180_1500x1500_v2.jpg Basic Energy and Work Definitions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1580329777910-C0W1UCVRBUYALKZ9BL6F/Weights_179_1500x1500_v2.jpg Basic Energy and Work Definitions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1549991866298-1FV9AIID7XNC4GLL6POR/Angie-3404-3408_1500x1071.jpg Basic Energy and Work Definitions The total mechanical energy stays the same as the ball falls to the ground. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1580333562761-3W0S9XL04BUWKP4FR0GF/Pouring-4278_1500x900_v2.jpg Basic Energy and Work Definitions Energy conservation can be demonstrated by pouring water from a “potential energy” glass into a “kinetic energy” glass. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1580333627691-25IYJDHRGU0GRHEYJKXO/Pouring-4282_1500x1500_v2.jpg Basic Energy and Work Definitions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1580333627734-WTDIX401JJOZ4I9UJ5UU/Pouring-4288_1500x1500_v2.jpg Basic Energy and Work Definitions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1580333630253-SMQMCMB745JCJTK7K00J/Pouring-4290_1500x1500_v2.jpg Basic Energy and Work Definitions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1578951289733-DALVFMCW9TXTK73WA2BV/SplashPad_3576_1500x900.jpg Basic Energy and Work Definitions At a splash pad, the kinetic energy of the water at the ground is converted to potential energy as it rises. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1559241493627-ARM8TK2OWIFNSV6EFQKH/HoseLow_872_1500x1550_v2.jpg Basic Energy and Work Definitions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1549727968673-LI1CPPFKL576ZUR8EK2B/HoseMedium_893_1500x1550.jpg Basic Energy and Work Definitions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1559231226935-2D1GPX5IO8LOOZAKC7HB/HoseMedium_897_1500x1500.jpg Basic Energy and Work Definitions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1549727966700-IVO02CK9J22SQKM4V575/HoseHigh_901-902_1500x1550.jpg Basic Energy and Work Definitions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1549735362159-OB5KJCN9QN5NCU9XZL3D/Lifting_492-500_1500x1500.jpg Basic Energy and Work Definitions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1549735362205-WJXZNR45Z1BDH5W6B4LO/Holding_0503_1500x1500.jpg Basic Energy and Work Definitions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1549735365504-F2NABPS4QB24HRL6KILL/Towing_0068_1500x1500.jpg Basic Energy and Work Definitions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1549735366097-XZU28SMZ8CD3B4YAVIC5/SamAtDesk_0735_1500x1500.jpg Basic Energy and Work Definitions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1580331609408-7VZUWKR87HSZOV3LO9OW/Work_64-65_1500x1000_v2.jpg Basic Energy and Work Definitions When work is done, energy is created. In this example, kinetic energy is created because the ball is moving when you let go. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1580331668502-WNXCC9IMGYKKAP9H2VMX/Work_64-71_1500x1000_v2.jpg Basic Energy and Work Definitions The kinetic energy of the ball gradually changes to potential energy on the way up. The potential energy then gradually changes back to kinetic energy on the way down. https://picture-physics.com/swinging/springs daily 0.75 2020-11-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1551112821395-1ZWM9OX4YUB41QHPRUNR/Spring_Drawers_0454_1500.jpg Springs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1551112946274-SLBYQCWA0BF4BT9WMKNP/Scale_2630_1500x1500.jpg Springs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1551112947746-M2LCNFXDG9KDALAL7NGW/WheelSpring_2073_1500x1500.jpg Springs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1551113221212-L4QJ0QBQORXS3ZTMTSLX/Gate_0755_1500x1000.jpg Springs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1551113220858-6WBCIJA66434KSKDQ2IQ/Gate_0756_1500x1000.jpg Springs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1551113133002-2QYHRSC9HZXP03I6VEHS/Slinky-4531_1500x1000.JPG Springs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1551296648025-EHKRC32VTED5AD89Q5DY/Slinky_4532_1500x1000.jpg Springs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1581972242001-ASUZA28P7Z89U4HAYTCN/Slinky_4534_1500x1000_v3.jpg Springs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1551191870335-HWUA5I3VT67SPUP56DB5/Let-Go_788_1500x1200.jpg Springs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1551191869859-4W5L4DRCZ4D30058QHMD/Let-Go_789_1500x1200.jpg Springs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1551191883637-CH446NTSRZ696OIZPZJU/Let-Go_790_1500x1200.jpg Springs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1551191883870-IVB5N12BL3X6AT3LZFX7/Let-Go_792_1500x1200.jpg Springs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1580498180534-G3DEQUDM3MAKT7M8JXIA/Stiff_Spring_745_1500x1500.jpg Springs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1582296196913-LVRH60NHB4PX9UGER9RV/Stiff_Spring_746_1500x1500.jpg Springs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1580498258219-CG47K0CIHWZCYO8XLCGA/Floppy_Spring_740_1500x1500.jpg Springs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1580844770061-50G36GYWXZN9EQOW8IJS/FloppySpring_741_1500x1500.jpg Springs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1551114315692-9VRZWXRIP7PFA90QEA0L/Spring_746_900x1500.jpg Springs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1551114315761-VWWVNZ92OCB9CWVBRZLD/Spring_758_900x1500.jpg Springs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1551114319177-YZP2AFLVOEJURRTBRXO0/Spring_759_900x1500.jpg Springs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1551114319183-300RGSKTWPW9PF0DEKX5/Spring_760_900x1500.jpg Springs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1580847746082-PN9MD277E09FTRHXTCDN/Pulling-Down_661-770_1500x1000.jpg Springs Pull down on the pink disk below its equilibrium position. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1580847832448-8EAK2BKSECPOY479BYO0/LettingGo_71-80_1500x1000.jpg Springs After you let go, the pink disk bounces up and back down again, over and over. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1581972917080-IUBUUWE9V0UUH8FPLTHN/Phi_NetForce_771_1500x1000.jpg Springs There is a net force pointing up when you pull down on the weight at the end of the spring https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1581974194480-FLVQHLQX7QVTGPOCYZJM/Phi_LettingGo_1500x1000.jpg Springs When you let go of the disk, it starts to move upward. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1582301329389-8DYE079A1EL827944O8A/Phi_Equilibrium_Up_4680_1500x1000.jpg Springs When the disk moves through the equilibrium position, it has its maximum velocity. Because the forces are balanced, the net force is zero so there is no acceleration. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1582297355716-H5P97K25TOT1E2A3RV3O/Phi_Oscillation_Forces_4673_1500x1000.jpg Springs As the disk moves up above the equilibrium position, the net force, and therefore the acceleration, point downward. This causes the disk to slow down because the acceleration is in a direction that is opposite that of the velocity. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1582301382884-DEYWR6J7UKB1ZS2VSYCK/Phi_Equilibrium_Down_4675_1500x1000.jpg Springs When the disk moves through the equilibrium position on the way down, the net force and acceleration are again zero and the velocity is again at its largest value, only now it is in the downward direction. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1582307199887-DHN66JA6LSWY8YM6KXB1/Pulling-Down_661-771_Work_1500x1000.jpg Springs When you pull down on the disk, you apply a force across a distance. The work you do gives potential energy to the spring. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1585594318229-GLX4XFNG6F5Z4YPE9G8X/Phi_Equilibrium_Up_Energy_4680_1500x1000_v2.jpg Springs When the disk moves up through the equilibrium position, all of the potential energy is converted to kinetic energy. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1585593804159-N8WIT1DF7KRVYOJJDT8V/Phi_Equilibrium_Up_Energy_4673_1500x1000.jpg Springs When the pink disk stops at the top, it has only potential energy, since the spring is at its most compressed position, and no kinetic energy, since its velocity is zero. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1585595837290-IA02VGDQOLX94FN0W94V/Phi_Equilibrium_Down_Energy_4680_1500x1000_v2.jpg Springs When the disk moves through the equilibrium position on the way down, its energy is all kinetic once again. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1589915938555-HPBEB8LDH0OBY1KC4593/Ball_Only_893-989_1500_v2.jpg Springs Pictures of a ball as it bounces up and down on a spring. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1589915969354-DNTM00VW8APETJJTN0XF/Pouring_Up_1500_v2.jpg Springs The ball has all potential energy at the lowest point in its motion. The potential energy is converted to kinetic energy and then back to potential energy as it moves upward. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1589915997932-0FBY5JNHVT3HZI1STT73/Pouring_Down_1500_v2.jpg Springs Energy transfers from potential to kinetic and back to potential on the way down, too. https://picture-physics.com/swinging/oscillator-basics daily 0.75 2020-11-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1589916113028-TKJKYOFR2UBYSSV270O9/Ball_Only_893-989_1500_v2.jpg Oscillator Basics Pictures of a ball bouncing up and down on a hanging spring. The pictures are taken at 12 evenly-spaced times during the oscillation. The first image is repeated at the end. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1589916642180-BD7H6I4531RMPQ0YDH06/Ball_893-989_Amplitude_1500_v2.jpg Oscillator Basics The amplitude, A, is the maximum distance from the equilibrium position that the ball reaches when it is bouncing up and down. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1589916316566-JI7TSEYDP1MFQVRCWTOB/Ball_893-989_Period_1500_v2.jpg Oscillator Basics The period, T, is the time it takes for the ball to complete one oscillation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1586370317752-98C0NXE0Q21TP7BZCOLM/LargeWeightWeak+Spring_1500.jpg Oscillator Basics A weight bounces on a weak spring; it takes 8 steps in time to complete one period. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1586371293478-8EB91AZ2930SCYKWDS73/SmallWeightWeakSpring_1500.jpg Oscillator Basics A smaller weight bounces on the same spring shown above. Its mass is less and so is the period of oscillation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1586373104151-Q5MC7IML9NPQY7LTTUYP/LargeWeightStiffSpring_1500.jpg Oscillator Basics When the large weight is bounced on a stiff spring, its period is shorter than when it is bounced on a weak spring. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1588618093457-1IK5CNW0AB6R78W50ATM/LargeAmplitude_207-217_1500.jpg Oscillator Basics https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1588618131488-WVY6MEOQSQVNDTWF7G18/SmallAmplitude_229-239_1500.jpg Oscillator Basics A carrot bounces up and down on a slinky with a large amplitude (top) and a small amplitude (bottom). The period of oscillation, 10 steps in time, is the same. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1589918423684-6LVOIMFTRGHGBG0FTF4L/Ball_on_Spring_Force_1500.jpg Oscillator Basics The net force on a ball changes as the ball oscillates up and down on a spring. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1589919038033-PSP0FJYK2DM5ENKOLFQS/Ball_on_Spring_Acceleration_1500.jpg Oscillator Basics The ball experiences maximum acceleration when the force is maximum and zero acceleration when the force is zero. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1589919376641-2PH8YZTIC3QWZC1G8J9A/Ball_on_Spring_Velocity_1500.jpg Oscillator Basics The velocity of the ball is zero when it is farthest from the equilibrium position. The velocity is maximum when it passes through the equilibrium position, moving down or up. https://picture-physics.com/swinging/swings daily 0.75 2021-01-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1587674256075-VBJ61QRW3N8D8PFW1K6Q/PatsRun_2891_1500x1000.jpg Swings Swings are like bouncing springs in many ways. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1587674544387-O5W9UPS484WU2VK1KEHF/Equilibrium_3196_1500x1000.jpg Swings The equilibrium position on a swing is when you are sitting at the lowest point with the ropes pointing straight up. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1587674760400-KMI809IR6ZH7TVC2OEKI/SwingPullUp_3198_1500x1000.jpg Swings One way to start swinging is to have someone pull you up and to the side. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1587674864375-0R5SESBKT8OQGUSKOY48/PushSwingUp_0305_1500x1000.jpg Swings Another way to start swinging is to get a push up and over to the side. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1587674978934-G7JXGSLL3UZP1UX197HS/JumpOffLadder_0118_1500x1000.jpg Swings Jumping off a ladder on the side also helps a swing start swinging. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1588011018653-H1VXJAM9Y10E9N3OSMKO/Swing_138-143-150_1500x1000_v3.jpg Swings When you are on a swing, your energy changes from potential to kinetic and back to potential as you move from one side to the other. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1588104869104-EDDPIN12DYD9YER7F0BR/Willow_Forces_96-98_1500x1000_v2.jpg Swings In the equilibrium position, your weight is balanced by the tension in the rope (or ropes). At any other position, the directions of your weight and the tension in the rope differ. The net force is what causes you to move. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1588623071587-H3XKM6C4MKMGEWOFHZWW/BigSwing_0331_1500x1500_v2.jpg Swings https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1588623070764-NAHU7NGYIP01KLKJS6PG/SmallSwing_0207_1500x1500_v2.jpg Swings https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1588110242049-QQTZNPF2MPINJJMHMFPS/Marley_Swing_64-73_1500x1500.jpg Swings https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1588110242048-DLCMAUU9FOM83D51QF4F/NoraSwing_23-31_1500x1500.jpg Swings https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1588622399228-D9N7VLM8W022B4GUZ7YJ/Walking_3364_1500x1500_v3.jpg Swings https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1592683956958-454W1WSZDVLU90OAKI4G/Jogging_3382_1500x1500_v4.jpg Swings https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1588622393123-RE1MZ617FRJX5XWCUDG4/Running_3351_1500x1500_v3.jpg Swings https://picture-physics.com/swinging/other-oscillators daily 0.75 2021-01-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1604686444373-7MCCLI0SFDT5N6SDGIF2/PogoStick_5273_1500_v3.jpg Other Oscillators A pogo stick has a spring inside that makes it possible for you to bounce up and down. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1604686489239-4AWOT7L0DH5783FBZQNN/PogoEquilibrium_4383_1500_v3.jpg Other Oscillators In the equilibrium position, the upward restoring force of the spring balances the downward force that is your weight. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1604690984134-76O1MK4LTE3IINLGZJMM/PogoFrames_303-307_v4.jpg Other Oscillators The net force points upward when the spring is compressed, causing you to accelerate up off the ground. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1591643323852-2UA5JC3TERLRT4LKK7NT/PogoFrames_303-307_v3.jpg Other Oscillators A spring inside a pogo stick allows you to bounce up and down. Your potential energy is due to the compressed spring at the lowest point and to your height above the equilibrium position at the highest point. During an oscillation, the energy is in the form of kinetic energy, spring potential energy and gravitational potential energy. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1610133802593-EPBBJ5EZVJF3BYILPNOO/Trampoline_Left_1500.jpg Other Oscillators After you bounce down on a trampoline, a transfer of energy helps you jump into the air. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1610134565918-8ZK1J8BEKEAZ5T8WCI0O/Trampoline_Right_1500.jpg Other Oscillators Gravitational potential energy gets converted to kinetic energy and spring potential when you fall back down onto the trampoline surface. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1589402401692-A2QNOGUM6DRDIBXLV8MC/PumpTrack_754-759_Energy_1500x1000.jpg Other Oscillators Energy changes from kinetic to potential when you ride on a pump track. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1594231810663-RGGP05VT3OT8MASATEK1/Damping_440-456_frames_1500.jpg Other Oscillators For damped harmonic motion, the amplitude decreases gradually over time. The equilibrium position is marked by the black line. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1594233043186-OK03BM0Z0II57X3B6NGH/Hammock_3167_1500x1000.jpg Other Oscillators https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1594233043328-MCGRT0HCNO21B0BBXFML/Hammock_3168_1000x1500.jpg Other Oscillators https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1594233047052-Z0TB3TWR70RNRRQL7AT7/Hammock_3169_1000x1500.jpg Other Oscillators https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1594233047387-1F29VKGVNP186CDN3HE2/Hammock_3172_1000x1500.jpg Other Oscillators https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1608238566391-VXC6TQG2HFSTGAIV2PVJ/GreatBlue_1577-1579_1500.jpg Other Oscillators Birds’ wings are forced harmonic oscillators. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1595785839161-3ZJZUY3VKLY14DQNT6V6/Clock_Composite_1500.jpg Other Oscillators Pendulum clocks come in different sizes but all are examples of forced harmonic oscillators. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1608309500635-DRKL5C2FDA1Y1KDROPL9/LowTide_0492_1500x1500_v3.jpg Other Oscillators https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1608309497409-QBJBOK7U5FUMASYSZK4H/IncomingTide_0505_1500x1500_v3.jpg Other Oscillators https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1608309497265-L0BSVRYH17R85UJQC618/HighTide_0545_1500x1500_v2.jpg Other Oscillators https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1608309500796-JTQ4UO3XZ6YPVI07MT0D/OutgoingTide_0592_1500x1500_v3.jpg Other Oscillators https://picture-physics.com/swinging/review daily 0.75 2021-01-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1600457044640-02BREMNYP1VTZ28ENCTA/Potato_Chips_1_935-938_1500x1500.jpg Review https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1600457044852-A4QJTYBQBDYNRM2XZ19Y/Potato_Chips_2_935-938_1500x1500_v2.jpg Review https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1600456959461-B8CHAJH2GM8AUVX00OFW/Chris%2BSam_1500.jpg Review https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1600457189626-TB4LOGP5RPEDBNZMSHTI/Skateboard_628-630_1500.jpg Review https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1608239570309-7MGIZZUP04HK7SHGI8L7/Jon_Arrow_85_1500x1500_v3.jpg Review https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1608239276716-1VUOA4K9QPB14DULYJBW/Jon_Arrow_86_1500x1500_v2.jpg Review https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1602186822667-Q9HN353942NOMEDOG0UY/Bridge_5488_1500x1500.jpg Review https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1602186823575-8WVFNFJBCDYKW302QPWL/Bridge%2BMatt_5482_1500x1500.jpg Review https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1610135345809-OUFEC9MKNFCWVLADUBBS/Casey%2BEllie_779-809_1500.jpg Review https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1610135833735-3533O5I7XYGP1BL2LE08/Hummer_3951_1500_v2.jpg Review https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1610137812725-KDOM457L6OHIH3LZGJL6/GreatBlue_77-79_1500_v3.JPG Review https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1610139423624-0X5BV36X7PDS6XJVUX7F/Trapeze_2_1500_v2.jpg Review https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1602187100498-5TAY37MC0AZOQY5QP849/Sam_Hammock_1500.jpg Review https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1608241201424-N8NYO0NDV843NO1XBVAG/Slinky_Stairs_80-91_v3.jpg Review https://picture-physics.com/swinging/introduction daily 0.75 2021-02-02 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1603312420771-DA5JGLPBKFT2PFSSVBR1/Swing_Silas_0207_1500x1000.jpg Introduction https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1603394762348-5B39FXJC03T2G5PLGC8Z/HoseMedium_897_1500x1500.jpg Introduction - 1. Energy and Work https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1612281447285-DZSC3EGIKWGBQFX86OL7/Phi_Slinky_4785_1500x1500.jpg Introduction - 2. Springs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1603312115647-RDVQFIH5R9RH5P0OQIL2/Basics_LargeWeightStiffSpring_1500x1500.jpg Introduction - 3. Oscillator Basics https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1603312155628-Z5P89GLRMUXQ9TMX0FSC/Swings_Deli_Swing024_1500x1500.jpg Introduction - 4. Swings https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1612282420062-YH7ILK3T0V7TAUJYRHR0/Pogo_305_1500x1500_v2.jpg Introduction - 5. Other Oscillators https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1612281850355-GPA6LNQ7SQYBWBWWUWUI/Skateboard_628-630_1500x1500_v2.jpg Introduction - 6. Review https://picture-physics.com/moving/definitions-1 daily 0.75 2021-05-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1509650820048-QDQ10K9ACMYGF2WQY17O/Saab_0526_white-arrow.jpg Basic Physics Definitions (Copy) This car has a velocity of 30 miles/hour north. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1522340388112-5UMX9QM8LLTTT8WEVXAA/Sara%2BTillie_0033_reversed_1500.jpg Basic Physics Definitions (Copy) This dog, walking her owner, has a velocity of 3 miles/hour south. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1511214385206-YVU6KS0X4TMLWAJ71ARU/Police_1454_Lines_Bubbles_1500.jpg Basic Physics Definitions (Copy) There's a difference between velocity and speed. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1509653382057-F9CKCP6POCME5E0EWFMN/J_Scooter_58-71_white-arrows.jpg Basic Physics Definitions (Copy) The scooter travels at constant velocity since it covers the same distance in the same direction each second. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1509653726569-UXEHJEWUW3QVSQKEG7RS/J_Scooter_58_1500.jpg Basic Physics Definitions (Copy) We can use one vector to show velocity. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1511793991701-FEXTVVE4J4OOV0ENC0LU/RedTruck_473-477_White-Arrows_1500_v2.jpg Basic Physics Definitions (Copy) This truck is accelerating because it covers more distance each second than it did the previous second. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1510694441797-UPF4CKBFVNSBGCWPMSQ8/RedTruck_473_only_v2_1500.jpg Basic Physics Definitions (Copy) You can show acceleration using a vector with the letter "a" alongside it. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1522346989647-85REZTHMA0KCN1TGFGKA/Bike_Braking_0363_1500_v2.jpg Basic Physics Definitions (Copy) There's a negative acceleration when you are stopping on your bike. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1516638643754-JWE14FXS4EKLSR8848BY/Record_2677_1500.jpg Basic Physics Definitions (Copy) The button travels at constant speed but its direction is changing, so it is accelerating. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1511191402505-9X73NCAHFM0JN20MYCAX/Benson_Pulling_0597_1500.jpg Basic Physics Definitions (Copy) Pulling is a force. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1511191466453-9X5UYKL5XIIN951OA324/Saab_Pushing_0723_1500.jpg Basic Physics Definitions (Copy) Pushing is a force. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1511191637049-ND4Q2L1FUPPK2OAUSKZW/Scale_0614_1500.jpg Basic Physics Definitions (Copy) One way to measure mass is with a balance scale. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1522349122248-TS8MNHI3H8JWBJN2RW6F/CoM_2287_1500x1500_v2.jpg Basic Physics Definitions (Copy) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1522349151910-RLILGUPYB2X2JT2QT6HV/CoM_2295_1500x1500_v2.jpg Basic Physics Definitions (Copy) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1522349224139-KC92BB2AIQHGP5E4X554/CoM_2313_1500x1500_v2.jpg Basic Physics Definitions (Copy) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59f1f521ccc5c518bc30b971/1522349258676-P0C45BLVKY88TOBPOZ0C/CoM_2315_1500x1500_v2.jpg Basic Physics Definitions (Copy) https://picture-physics.com/categories-rally daily 0.75 2025-05-12 https://picture-physics.com/latest-posts-rally daily 0.75 2026-03-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57d6c55a2994cab476e9fb40/1588544757221-GPPEALJ6KZJ6Z8RNNUAP/Frame+8.jpg Latest Posts https://picture-physics.com/spotlight-post-rally daily 0.75 2026-03-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57d6c55a2994cab476e9fb40/1588541518871-M2MVR19IDBSV9PC0J2W2/AThingOrTwo_PodcastImage.jpg Spotlight Post - How We IG (And, You Know, Think About Social Media in General) Apparently, we have a lot of pent-up thoughts about Instagram in need of an outlet, namely this episode of this podcast. https://picture-physics.com/exclusives-banner-rally daily 0.75 2026-03-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57d6c55a2994cab476e9fb40/1588544164047-QD4G6BPCFB6JX80NRGGM/work-wife.png Exclusives - Prominent links to our Amazon storefront and bookshop.org page. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Shop some of our favorite finds on our Bookshop.org page and our Amazon Storefront. https://picture-physics.com/social-feed-rally daily 0.75 2026-03-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57d6c55a2994cab476e9fb40/1588542362802-30QMWJRDTX8OEBXHIUQ5/Frame+3.jpg Social Feed https://picture-physics.com/subscribe-rally daily 0.75 2026-03-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57d6c55a2994cab476e9fb40/1588544231254-0SXFGPILG6ME24WJW1C5/3_homepage-banner.jpg Subscribe https://picture-physics.com/faq-rally daily 0.75 2026-03-20 https://picture-physics.com/the-meet-ups-rally daily 0.75 2026-03-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57d6c55a2994cab476e9fb40/1474394844989-4HAC4XR3XAIELESSTZLM/image-asset.jpeg The Meet-Ups